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A comprehensive guide to Spanish conjunctions plus common conjunction-like discourse connectors
Connect grammatically equal elements (words, phrases, or clauses)
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| y | and |
| e | and (before i, hi) |
| o | or |
| u | or (before o, ho) |
| pero | but |
| mas | but (formal/literary) |
| sino | but rather (after negation) |
| sino que | but rather that (introduces a clause) |
| así como | as well as / just as |
Introduce a dependent clause
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| porque | because |
| como | since / because (often clause-initial) |
| ya que | since / because |
| pues | since / because (often explanatory) |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| si | if |
| siempre que | as long as / provided that |
| a menos que | unless |
| a no ser que | unless |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| aunque | although / even if |
| aun cuando | even when / although |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| cuando | when |
| tan pronto como | as soon as |
| en cuanto | as soon as |
| apenas | as soon as / hardly when |
| mientras | while |
| mientras que | whereas |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| a fin de que | so that (in order that) |
| de manera que | so that / such that (purpose or result) |
| de modo que | so that / such that (purpose or result) |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| como si | as if |
| igual que | just like / the same as |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| así que | so / therefore |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| que | that (subordinating) |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| ya sea que | whether (introduces alternatives) |
Paired structures that coordinate alternatives or additions
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| tanto… como… | both… and… |
| bien… bien… | either… or… |
| ora… ora… | now… now… (alternating) |
| no solo… sino… | not only… but… |
| no solo… sino también… | not only… but also… |
| sino también | but also (typically after no solo…) |
| ya sea… ya sea… | whether… or… |
Often adverbs or fixed phrases that link sentences or clauses by meaning (contrast, result, addition, reformulation)
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| además | furthermore / also |
| incluso | even |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| sin embargo | however |
| no obstante | however / nevertheless |
| en cambio | on the other hand / whereas |
| al contrario | on the contrary |
| aun así | even so |
| de cualquier manera | in any case / anyway |
| de cualquier modo | in any case / anyway |
| de todos modos | anyway |
| de todas formas | in any case |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| entonces | so / then |
| así pues | thus / so |
| por eso | that’s why / so |
| por lo tanto | therefore |
| por tanto | therefore |
| por consiguiente | consequently |
| por ende | therefore |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| mientras tanto | meanwhile |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| esto es | that is |
| es decir | that is / namely |
| o sea | that is / I mean |
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| aunque sí | although yes |
| apenas si | barely / hardly (adverbial expression) |
Prepositions (or prepositional phrases) that can take clause-like complements, often with que
| Conjunction | Translation |
|---|---|
| según | according to / allegedly |
| tras | after |
| debido a que | because (literally: due to the fact that) |
| en caso de que | in case |
| a pesar de que | despite the fact that |
| pese a que | despite the fact that |
| después de que | after |